Tribal development strategies imple mented in India
The implementation part of the tribal development strategy there are different views among the researchers. Some argue that what was happened to tribal in India
during the last 50 years is agonizing. The approach to tribal development from the Fourth Plan onwards had found that actual benefits trickling down to the tribals have not been consistent with promises we have made.
The gap between tribals and non-tribals has been widening and tribal exploitation has become more effective and increased after the implementation of
developmental plans. A.K Sharma pointed out that, Government of India has not only failed to encourage the development of tribals but has actively maintained their
under development. He also stated that the laws and programmes have failed because of the attitudes of the powerful feudal elitist groups and non-involvement of tribals in the development process. The tribal development in the Sixth Plan states that the benefits accruing the tribals were inconsistent with huge investment. The Working Group on tribal development
for Eighth Five Year Plan also observed that tribal SubPlan strategy has yielded results but these do not commensurate to the expectations and investments made
so far. The area based and individual based programmesdid not have desired impact.
Some micro level studies of which focused mainly on the impact of develop ment programs on tribal households
indicate a mixed pattern. There were many reasons for the failure of tribal develop ment programs. There were delays in the implementation of the programs. The coordination at various levels was absent: the State governments did not ensure a reasonable share of benefits from the general develop ment programs to the tribals. The develop mental efforts increased the differences between tribal groups. The performance of the administrative machinery is very unsatisfactory. The remarks of the Planning Commission in this regard about
the need of fresh look on the tribal development are worth mentioning.
The World Bank Country study on Poverty in India (1997) pointed out that, an illiterate rural woman, a member of scheduled tribe, a person who lives in a
landless household or is dependent on wage-earnings, all face a significantly higher than average risk of poverty.
This phrase explains the status of tribal people living in our country. The tribes when compared to other community people are facing major problems. Hence, the development of these scheduled tribes is inevitable and it is necessary to improve them in all arenas of socioeconomic features, this is lacking in the many parts of countries development, where many developmental programmes have been launched and progressed but still
this attention has not been paid.
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